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JAMES S. LEVER, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSGNOR 'I0 ROSS C. BRO'WNING, GF ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.v

Leners Patent Nasaoso, dazed Notemba 1o, 186s.

Be it known that I, JAMES S. LEVER, of the city and county of Philadelphia, in the State oi' Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and improved Method of Forming .Book-Covers; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof I employ pressure, rapidly and uniformly applied by India-rubber rollers, instead ofthe irregularand partial compression, induced by ordinary means, in compressing muslin or other surface-material on the pasteboard or other body ofthe book-cover. Heretofore, the paper, muslin, sheep, calf, morocco, or other material, which forms the surface ofthe cover, having been covered with glue or other cement,` and applied on the pasteboard or other body, has been pressed down by rubbing over it by hand with a smooth-suriace tool. My method operu ates more rapidly, and presses more uniformly. lVhen my rollers are driven by power, my invention economizes the strength and time ofthe operator, and presses the surface-material on the body more uniformly, and avoids blister-s.

I will proceed to describe what -I consider the best mea-ns of carrying out my invention. The'aeeompanying dlawings form a part of this specification.

Figure l is a cross-section of the pasteboard of a plain cover;

Figure 2 shows the same with the muslin applied, the glue being represented in red, with its thickness considerably exaggerated;

Figure 3 shows the same in the act of passingthrough the rolls;

Figure 4 is a cross-sectionof the form ofthe machine which I consider preferable. Itis represented as adapted to be tuined by a crank, butr a pulley and belt will ordinarily be substituted for Vthe crank where power is available;

Figure 5 shows the plain book-cover in a finished condition, without any exaggeration of the thickness of the paste or glue;

Figure 6 is `a corresponding longitudinal section through the two parts ofa book-cover, joined by the back in the ordinary manner;

Figure 7 is a corresponding longitudinal section of the sheet-metal plate, adapted to receive and support the cover while being thus treated; and

Figure 8 shows the cover in position on the plate.P

turned-over 4edges ci' the surfacing-material' m.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

AAare the bodies of two India-rubber rollers. They are mounted on iron shafts a, supported in a' housing, B, and pressed down with adjustable force, by means of screws, as indicated by C. There may be adjustingsprings, as indicated by D, to allow the upper roller to rise a little in receiving each book-cover, and this property will add somewhat to the perfection of the operation ofthe machine in making bevel-edged covers, and other forms oi' book-covers not plain.

M is the pasteboard, for which may be substituted wood or other material, which is employed for the body of the cover. and m is the muslin, for'which maybe substituted paper, leather, or other. material, to make the ornamental or durable surface. The glue, paste, or other cementing-material, is indicated in red in some of the iigures, as above suggested.

A little glue is always liable to exude beyond the To avoid getting this glue on the lower roller, and thus transferring it to the upper roller, and defacing the surface of the succeeding covers, I mount each cover on a plate of sheet-metal, N, which may be common tinned iron. To keep the covers exactly in place on such metal, l glue, or otherwise aiix across the middle y ofthe plate, a piece of pasteboard, n, which corresponds to the thickness of the material M. By placing the freshly-prepared cover on the plate of sheet-metal, in such position that the parts match properly together, that is toysay, taking care to have the piece n of a width a little less than the width of the thin part which forms the back of the book, I introduce the plate N n, with its load, M m, and pass the whole rapidly between the rollers A A. The glue which exudes remains on the upper surface ofthe plate N, and the operation may be repeated for any number of times, with out smearing either of the rollers.

Having now fully described my invention,

I claim the within-described means or method for cementing the muslin or other surface-material upon the boards of book-covers.

JAS. S. LEVER. lVitnesses:

G. W. Looms, E. M. DECAN. 

